Chapter 31: Times During Which Salah Is Prohibited - كتاب المواقيت
It was narrated from 'Abdullah As-Sunabihi that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
أَخْبَرَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصُّنَابِحِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ
" الشَّمْسُ تَطْلُعُ وَمَعَهَا قَرْنُ الشَّيْطَانِ فَإِذَا ارْتَفَعَتْ فَارَقَهَا فَإِذَا اسْتَوَتْ قَارَنَهَا فَإِذَا زَالَتْ فَارَقَهَا فَإِذَا دَنَتْ لِلْغُرُوبِ قَارَنَهَا فَإِذَا غَرَبَتْ فَارَقَهَا " . وَنَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَنِ الصَّلاَةِ فِي تِلْكَ السَّاعَاتِ .
"The sun rises and with it the horn of the Shaitan, then when it is fully risen, he goes away. Then when it approaches the meridian he comes near to it, and when it has passed the zenith he goes away. Then when it is close to setting, he comes near to it, then when it has set, he goes away." And the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade praying at those times.
"I heard my father say: 'I heard 'Uqbah bin 'Amir Al-Juhani say: There are three times during which the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade us to pray in or bury our dead: When the sun has clearly stated to rise, until it is fully risen; when it is directly overhead at noon, until it has passed its zenith; and when it is close to setting, until it has fully set.'"
Chapter 32: The Prohibition Of Praying After Subh - كتاب المواقيت
It was narrated that Ibn 'Abbas said:
أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، قَالَ أَنْبَأَنَا مَنْصُورٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ غَيْرَ، وَاحِدٍ، مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم مِنْهُمْ عُمَرُ - وَكَانَ مِنْ أَحَبِّهِمْ إِلَىَّ - أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَهَى عَنِ الصَّلاَةِ بَعْدَ الْفَجْرِ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ وَعَنِ الصَّلاَةِ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ حَتَّى تَغْرُبَ الشَّمْسُ .
"I heard more than one of the Companions of the Prophet (ﷺ) - including 'Umar who was one of the dearest of them to me - that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade praying after Fajr until the sun had risen, and praying after 'Asr until the sun had set."
"I heard 'Uqbah bin 'Amir say: 'There are three times during which the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade us from praying or burying our dead: When the sun had clearly started to rise until it was fully risen, when it was directly overhead at noon until it has passed the zenith, and when it was close to setting until it had fully set.'"
"I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: 'There is no prayer after Fajr until the sun has clearly risen, and no prayer after 'Asr until the sun has fully set.'"
"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'When the edge of the sun rises, then delay prayer until it has fully risen, and when the edge of the sun starts to set, delay prayer until it has fully set.'"
"We heard Abu Umamah Al-Bahili say: 'I heard 'Amrah bin 'Abasah say: I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, is there any moment which brings one close to Allah than another, or any moment that should be sought out for remembering Allah? He said: 'Yes, the closest that the Lord is to His slave is in the last part of the night, so if you can be among those who remember Allah at that time, then do so. For prayer is attended and witnessed (by the angels) until the sun rises, then it rises between the two horns of the Shaitan, that is the time when the disbelievers pray, so do not pray until the sun had risen to the height of a spear and its rays have disappeared. Then prayer is attended and witness (by the angels) until the sun is directly overhead at midday, and that is the time when the gates of Hell are opened and it is stoked up. So do not pray until the shadows appear. Then prayer is attended and witnessed (by angels) until the sun sets, and it sets between the horns of a Shaitan, and that is the time when the disbelievers pray.'"
Chapter 36: Concession Allowing Prayer After 'Asr - كتاب المواقيت
It was narrated that Al-Aswad said:
أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ قُدَامَةَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الأَسْوَدِ، قَالَ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رضى الله تعالى عنها مَا دَخَلَ عَلَىَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ إِلاَّ صَلاَّهُمَا .
'Aishah said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) never entered upon me after 'Asr but he prayed them (the two Rak'ahs)."
Chapter 36: Concession Allowing Prayer After 'Asr - كتاب المواقيت
It was narrated that Abu Ishaq said:
أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ مَسْرُوقًا، وَالأَسْوَدَ، قَالاَ نَشْهَدُ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم إِذَا كَانَ عِنْدِي بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ صَلاَّهُمَا .
"I heard Masruq and Al-Aswad say: We bear witness that 'Aishah said: 'When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was with me after 'Asr, he would pray them (these two Rak'ahs).'"
"There are two prayers that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) never neglected to pray them in my house secretly nor publicly: Two Rak'ahs before Fajr and two Rak'ahs after 'Asr."
Chapter 36: Concession Allowing Prayer After 'Asr - كتاب المواقيت
It was narrated from Abu Salamah that he asked 'Aishah about the two prostrations (Rak'ahs) that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to pray after 'Asr. She said:
"He used to pray them before 'Asr, but if he got distracted or forgot them, he would pray them after 'Asr, and if he did a prayer he would be constant in it."