It was narrated from Sahl bin Abu Hathmah from the elders of his people that :
حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَكِيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، سَمِعْتُ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو لَيْلَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ عَنْ رِجَالٍ، مِنْ كُبَرَاءِ قَوْمِهِ أَنَّ عَبْدَ، اللَّهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ وَمُحَيِّصَةَ خَرَجَا إِلَى خَيْبَرَ مِنْ جَهْدٍ أَصَابَهُمْ فَأُتِيَ مُحَيِّصَةُ فَأُخْبِرَ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ قَدْ قُتِلَ وَأُلْقِيَ فِي فَقِيرٍ أَوْ عَيْنٍ بِخَيْبَرَ فَأَتَى يَهُودَ فَقَالَ أَنْتُمْ وَاللَّهِ قَتَلْتُمُوهُ . قَالُوا وَاللَّهِ مَا قَتَلْنَاهُ . ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُمْ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ هُوَ وَأَخُوهُ حُوَيِّصَةُ وَهُوَ أَكْبَرُ مِنْهُ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ فَذَهَبَ مُحَيِّصَةُ يَتَكَلَّمُ وَهُوَ الَّذِي كَانَ بِخَيْبَرَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم لِمُحَيِّصَةَ " كَبِّرْ كَبِّرْ " . يُرِيدُ السِّنَّ فَتَكَلَّمَ حُوَيِّصَةُ ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمَ مُحَيِّصَةُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " إِمَّا أَنْ يَدُوا صَاحِبَكُمْ وَإِمَّا أَنْ يُؤْذِنُوا بِحَرْبٍ " . فَكَتَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم إِلَيْهِمْ فِي ذَلِكَ فَكَتَبُوا إِنَّا وَاللَّهِ مَا قَتَلْنَاهُ . فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم لِحُوَيِّصَةَ وَمُحَيِّصَةَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ " تَحْلِفُونَ وَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ دَمَ صَاحِبِكُمْ " . قَالُوا لاَ . قَالَ " فَتَحْلِفُ لَكُمْ يَهُودُ " . قَالُوا لَيْسُوا بِمُسْلِمِينَ فَوَدَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم مِنْ عِنْدِهِ فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم مِائَةَ نَاقَةٍ حَتَّى أُدْخِلَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الدَّارَ فَقَالَ سَهْلٌ فَلَقَدْ رَكَضَتْنِي مِنْهَا نَاقَةٌ حَمْرَاءُ .
'Abdullah bin Sahl and Muhayyishah set out for Khaibar because of some problem that had arisen. Someone came to Muhayyishah, and he told him that Abdullah bin Sahl had been killed and thrown into a pit or well in Khaibar. He came to the Jews and said: “By Allah, you killed him.” They said: “By Allah, we did not kill him.” Then he went back to his people and told them about that. Then he and his brother Huwayyisah, who was older than him, and 'Abdur-Rahman bin Sahl, came (to the Prophet (ﷺ)). Muhayyisah, who was the one who had been at Khaibar, went and he began to speak, but the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Let the elder speak first.” So Huwayyisah spoke, then Muhayyisah spoke. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Either (the Jews) will pay the blood money for your companion, or war will be declared on them.” The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent a letter to that effect (to the Jews) and they wrote back saying: “By Allah, we did not kill him.” The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to Huwayyisah, Muhayyisah and Abdur-Rahman: “Will you swear an oath establishing your claim to the blood money of your companion?” They said: “No” He said: “Should the Jews swear an oath for you?” They said: “They are not Muslims.” So the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) paid the blood money himself, and he sent one hundred she-camels to them and some of them entered the house. Sahl said: “A red she-camels from among them kicked me.”
Huwayyisah and Muhayyisah , the sons of Mas'ud, and 'Abdullah and 'Abdur-Rahman the sons of Sahl, went out to search for food in Khaibar. 'Abdullah was attacked and killed, and mention of that was made to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). He said: “Will you swear an oath and establish your right to blood money?” They said: “O Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), how can we swear an oath when we did not witness anything?” He said: “Do you want the Jews to swear that they are innocent?” They said: “O Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), then they will kill us too.” So the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) paid the blood money himself.
It was narrated from Salamah bin Rawh bin Zinba', that :
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ السَّلاَمِ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي فَرْوَةَ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ رَوْحِ بْنِ زِنْبَاعٍ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّهُ قَدِمَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَقَدْ خَصَى غُلاَمًا لَهُ فَأَعْتَقَهُ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِالْمُثْلَةِ .
his grandfather came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and he had castrated a slave of his. The Prophet (ﷺ) manumitted the slave in compensation for having been mutilated.
'Amr bin Shu'aib narrated from his father that his grandfather said:
حَدَّثَنَا رَجَاءُ بْنُ الْمُرَجَّى السَّمَرْقَنْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا النَّضْرُ بْنُ شُمَيْلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَمْزَةَ الصَّيْرَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، قَالَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم صَارِخًا فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " مَا لَكَ " . قَالَ سَيِّدِي رَآنِي أُقَبِّلُ جَارِيَةً لَهُ فَجَبَّ مَذَاكِيرِي . فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم " عَلَىَّ بِالرَّجُلِ " . فَطُلِبَ فَلَمْ يُقْدَرْ عَلَيْهِ . فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " اذْهَبْ فَأَنْتَ حُرٌّ " . قَالَ عَلَى مَنْ نُصْرَتِي يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ يَقُولُ أَرَأَيْتَ إِنِ اسْتَرَقَّنِي مَوْلاَىَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " عَلَى كُلِّ مُؤْمِنٍ أَوْ مُسْلِمٍ " .
“A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) screaming. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to him: 'What is the matter with you?' He said: 'My master saw me kissing a slave woman of his, so he cut off my penis.' The Prophet (ﷺ) said: 'Take me to the man.' He was sought but could not be found, so the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Go, for you are free.' He said: 'Who will protect me, O Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)? What if my master enslaves me again?' The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Your protection will be (incumbent upon) every believer or Muslim.'”
“The blood of every Muslims is equal, they are one hand against others. The asylum offered by the lowest of them in status applies to them (all), and the return is granted to the farthest of them.”
“The hand of the Muslims is over others, and their blood and wealth is equal in value. The (asylum granted by) the lowest of them applies to the Muslims, and the Muslims return (the spoils of war) to the farthest of them.”
“Whoever kills a Mu'ahid who has the protection of Allah and the protection of his Messenger, will not smell the fragrance of Paradise, even though its fragrance may be detected from a distance of Seventy years.”
“Were it not for a word that I heard from 'Amr bin Hamiq Khuza'i, I would have separated the head of Al-Mukhtar from his body. I heard him saying: “The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'If a man trusts someone with his life then he kills him, he will carry a banner of treachery on the day of Resurrection.'”
“I entered upon Mukhtar in his palace and he said: 'Jibril has just left me.' Nothing stopped me from striking his neck (i.e, killing him) but a Hadith that I heard from Sulaiman bin Surad, according to which the Prophet (ﷺ) said: 'If a man trusts you with his life, then do not kill him.' That is what stopped me.”
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ قَتَلَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَدَفَعَهُ إِلَى وَلِيِّ الْمَقْتُولِ فَقَالَ الْقَاتِلُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهِ مَا أَرَدْتُ قَتْلَهُ . فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم لِلْوَلِيِّ
" أَمَا إِنَّهُ إِنْ كَانَ صَادِقًا ثُمَّ قَتَلْتَهُ دَخَلْتَ النَّارَ " . قَالَ فَخَلَّى سَبِيلَهُ . قَالَ وَكَانَ مَكْتُوفًا بِنِسْعَةٍ فَخَرَجَ يَجُرُّ نِسْعَتَهُ فَسُمِّيَ ذَا النِّسْعَةِ .
“A man killed (another) during the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and was referred to the Prophet (ﷺ). He handed him over to the victim's next of kin, but the killer said: 'O Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), by Allah I did not mean to kill him.' The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to the next of kin, 'If he is telling the truth and you kill him, you will go to Hell.' So he let him go. He had been tied with a rope, and he went out dragging his rope, so he became known as Dhan-Nis'ah (the one with the rope).
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُمَيْرٍ، عِيسَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ النَّحَّاسُ وَعِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ وَالْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ أَبِي السَّرِيِّ الْعَسْقَلاَنِيُّ قَالُوا حَدَّثَنَا ضَمْرَةُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شَوْذَبٍ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ الْبُنَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ أَتَى رَجُلٌ بِقَاتِلِ وَلِيِّهِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم " اعْفُ " . فَأَبَى فَقَالَ " خُذْ أَرْشَكَ " . فَأَبَى . قَالَ " اذْهَبْ فَاقْتُلْهُ فَإِنَّكَ مِثْلُهُ " . قَالَ فَلُحِقَ بِهِ فَقِيلَ لَهُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَدْ قَالَ " اقْتُلْهُ فَإِنَّكَ مِثْلُهُ " . فَخَلَّى سَبِيلَهُ . قَالَ فَرُئِيَ يَجُرُّ نِسْعَتَهُ ذَاهِبًا إِلَى أَهْلِهِ . قَالَ كَأَنَّهُ قَدْ كَانَ أَوْثَقَهُ .
قَالَ أَبُو عُمَيْرٍ فِي حَدِيثِهِ قَالَ ابْنُ شَوْذَبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، فَلَيْسَ لأَحَدٍ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنْ يَقُولَ " اقْتُلْهُ فَإِنَّكَ مِثْلُهُ " . قَالَ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ هَذَا حَدِيثُ الرَّمْلِيِّينَ لَيْسَ إِلاَّ عِنْدَهُمْ .
“A man brought the killer of his relative to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Pardon him,' but the refused. He said: 'Take the blood money,' but he refused. He said: 'Go and kill him, but then you will be like him.’ Someone caught up with him and reminded him that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had said: 'Go and kill him, but then you will be like him.’ So he let him go. He said: So he was seen dragging his strap going to his family. He said: It seemed that he had tied him up.
It's narrated that AbdurRahman bin AlQasim said "Then it is not (permissible) for anyone after the Prophet ﷺ to say 'Go and kill him, but then you will be like him.' "
“I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: 'There is no man who suffers some (injury) on his body and forgives (the perpetrator), but Allah (SWT) will raise him one degree in status thereby, or erase from him one sin.'My own ears heard it and my heart memorized it.”
“If a woman kills someone deliberately, she should not be killed until she delivers what is in her womb, if she is pregnant, and until the child's sponsorship is guaranteed. And if a woman commits illegal sex, she should not be stoned until she delivers what is in her womb and until her child's sponsorship is guaranteed.”
It was narrated from Malik bin Mighwal that Talhah bin Musarrif said:
حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ مِغْوَلٍ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ مُصَرِّفٍ، قَالَ قُلْتُ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى أَوْصَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِشَىْءٍ قَالَ لاَ . قُلْتُ فَكَيْفَ أَمَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِالْوَصِيَّةِ قَالَ أَوْصَى بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ .
قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَقَالَ طَلْحَةُ بْنُ مُصَرِّفٍ قَالَ الْهُزَيْلُ بْنُ شُرَحْبِيلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ كَانَ يَتَأَمَّرُ عَلَى وَصِيِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَدَّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنَّهُ وَجَدَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَهْدًا فَخَزَمَ أَنْفَهُ بِخِزَامٍ .
“I said to Abdullah bin Abu Awfa: 'Did the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) make a will concerning anything?' He said: 'No.' I said: 'How come he told the Muslims to make wills?' He said: 'He enjoined (them to adhere to) the book of Allah (SWT).” Malik said: “Talhah bin Musarrif said: 'Huzail bin Shurahbil said: “Abu Bakr was granted leadership according to the will of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)?” (Rather) Abu Bakr wished that the found a covenant (in that regard) from Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), so he could fetter his nose with a (camel's) nose ring.”
“A man may do the deeds of the people of goodness for seventy years, then when he makes his will, he is unjust in his will, so he ends (his life) with evil deeds and enters Hell. And a man may do the people of evil for seventy years, then he is just in his will, so he ends (his life) with good deeds and enters Paradise.”Abu Hurairah said: “Recite, if you wish: “These are the limits (set by) Allah (STW) up to His saying: 'a disgraceful torment'”
“Whoever makes a will as death approaches, and his will is in accordance with the book of Allah (SWT) it will be an expiation for whatever he did not pay of his Zakah during his lifetime.”
“A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said: “O Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), tell me, which of the people has most right to my good companionship?' He said: 'Yes, by your father, you will certainly be told.' He said: 'Your mother,' He said: 'Then who?' He said: Then your mother.' He said: 'Then who?' He said: Then your mother.' He said: 'Then who?' He said: Then your father.' He said: 'Tell me, O Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) about my wealth- how should I give in charity?' He said: 'Yes, by Allah (SWT) you will certainly be told. You should give in charity when you are still healthy and greedy for wealth, hoping for a long life and fearing poverty. Do not tarry until your soul reaches here and you say: “My wealth of for so-and-so,” and “My wealth of for so-and-so,” and it will be for them even though you dislike that.'”
the Prophet (ﷺ) spat in his palm then pointed to it with his index finger and said: “Allah (SWT) says: 'Do you think you can escape from My punishment, O son of Adam, when I have created you from something like this? When your soul reaches here' - and (the Prophet (ﷺ)) pointed to his throat - 'You say: I give charity.' But it is too late for charity?”
“I became sick during the year of the Conquest, and was at death's door. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) came to visit me and I said: 'O Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), I have a great deal of wealth and no one will inherit from me apart from my daughter. Can I give two thirds of my wealth in charity?' He said: 'No.' I said: 'Then half?' He said: 'No.' I said: 'One third?' He said: One third and one third is a lot. If you leave your heirs rich that is better than leaving them destitute and begging from people.”
It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم
" إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَصَدَّقَ عَلَيْكُمْ عِنْدَ وَفَاتِكُمْ بِثُلُثِ أَمْوَالِكُمْ زِيَادَةً لَكُمْ فِي أَعْمَالِكُمْ " .
“Allah (SWT) has been charitable with you over the disposal of one third of your wealth at the time of your death, so that you may be able to add to the record of your good deeds.”
“(Allah says) O son of Adam! I have given you two things which you do not deserve (except by mercy of Allah (SWT)): I allow you to dispose of a share of your wealth when you are on your deathbed, in order to cleanse and purify you, and my slaves pray for you after your life is over.”
“The Prophet (ﷺ) addressed them when he was on his camel. His camel was chewing its cud and its saliva was dripping between my shoulders. He said: 'Allah (SWT) has allocated for each heir his share of the inheritance, so it is not permissible (to make) a bequest for an heir. The child belong to the bed and the adulterer gets the stone. Whoever claims to belong to someone other than his father, or (a freed slave) who claims that his Wala is for other than his Mavali, upon him will be the curse of Allah, the angels and all the people, and no charge nor equitable exchange will be accepted from him.” Or he said: “No equitable exchange nor change.”
the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say in his sermon, during the year of the Farewell pilgrimage: “Allah (SWT) has given each person who has rights his rights, and there is no bequest for in heir.”
“I was under the she-camel of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and its saliva was dripping between my shoulders, and I heard him say: 'Allah (SWT) has given each person who has rights his rights, but there is no bequest for an heir.”
“The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) ruled that the debts should be paid off before the execution of the will. You recite: '(The distribution in all cases is) after the payment of legacies he may have bequeathed or debts.' The sons of one mother (from the same father) inherit from one another, but not the sons from different mothers (but the same father).”
“My mother died unexpectedly and she had not made a will. I think that if she could have spoken, she would have given in charity. Will she have a reward if I give in charity on her behalf, and will I have a reward?” He said: “Yes.”
“A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said: 'I do not have anything and I have no wealth, but I have an orphan (under my care) who has wealth.” He said: “Eat from the wealth of your orphan, without being extravagant or use it for trade.” He (narrator) said: “And I think he said: 'Do not preserve your wealth using his instead.'”
“O
Abu Hurairah. Learn about the inheritance and teach it, for
it is
half of knowledge, but it will be forgotten. This is the first
thing
that will be taken away from my nation.’”
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ الْعَدَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، قَالَ جَاءَتِ امْرَأَةُ سَعْدِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ بِابْنَتَىْ سَعْدٍ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَاتَانِ ابْنَتَا سَعْدٍ قُتِلَ مَعَكَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ وَإِنَّ عَمَّهُمَا أَخَذَ جَمِيعَ مَا تَرَكَ أَبُوهُمَا وَإِنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لاَ تُنْكَحُ إِلاَّ عَلَى مَالِهَا . فَسَكَتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم حَتَّى أُنْزِلَتْ آيَةُ الْمِيرَاثِ فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَخَا سَعْدِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ فَقَالَ
" أَعْطِ ابْنَتَىْ سَعْدٍ ثُلُثَىْ مَالِهِ وَأَعْطِ امْرَأَتَهُ الثُّمُنَ وَخُذْ أَنْتَ مَا بَقِيَ " .
“The wife of Sa’d bin
Rabi’ came with the two daughters of Sa’d to the Prophet (ﷺ)
and
said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, these are the two daughters of
Sa’d. He
was killed with you on the day of Uhud, and their paternal
uncle has
taken all that their father left behind, and a woman is
only married
for her wealth.’ The Prophet (ﷺ) remained silent
until the Verse of
inheritance was revealed to him. Then the
Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)
called the brother of Sa’d bin Rabi’ and
said: ‘Give the two daughters
of Sa’d two thirds of his wealth,
and give his wife on eighth, and
take what is left.’”
“A man came to Abu
Musa
Al-Ash’ari and Salman bin Rabi’ah Al-Bahili and asked them about
(the shares of) a daughter, a son’s daughter, a sister through
one’s
father and mother. They said: ‘The daughter gets one half,
and what is
left goes to the sister. Go to Ibn Mas’ud, for he will
concur with
what we say.’ So the man went to Ibn Mas’ud, and told
him what they
had said. ‘Abdullah said: ‘I will go astray and
will not be guided (if
I say that I agree); but I will judge as the
Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)
judged. The daughter gets one half, and the
son’s daughter gets one-
sixth. That makes two thirds. And what is
left goes to the sister.’”
“A grandmother came to Abu Bakr
Siddiq and asked him for her inheritance. Abu Bakr said to her: ‘You
have nothing according to the Book of Allah, and I don’t know of
anything for you according to the Book of Allah, and I don’t know
of anything for you according to the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah
(ﷺ). Go back until I ask the people.’ So he asked the people and
Al-Mughirah bin Shu’bah said: ‘I was present with the Messenger
of Allah (ﷺ) and he gave her (the grandmother) one sixth.’ Abu
Bakr said: ‘Is there anyone else with you (who will corroborate
what you say)?’ Muhammad bin Maslamah Al-Ansari stood up and said
something like what Mughirah bin Shu’bah had said. So Abu Bakr
applied it in her case.”
It was
narrated from Ma’dan bin Abu Talhah Al-Ya’muri that ‘Umar bin
Khattab stood up to deliver a sermon one Friday, or he addressed them
one Friday. He praised and glorified Allah, and said:
“By Allah, I
am
not leaving behind any problem more difficult than the one who
leaves
behind an heir. I asked the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and he
never
spoke so harshly to me about anything as he spoke to me about
this. He
jabbed his finger into my side or my chest and said: ‘O
‘Umar,
sufficient for you is the Verse that was revealed in summer,
at the
end of Surat An-Nisa’.”
“There are three things, if the Messenger of
Allah (ﷺ) had clarified them, that would have been dearer to me
than
the world and everything in it: a person who leaves behind no
heir,
usury, and the caliphate.”
It was
narrated from Muhammad bin Munkadir that he heard Jabir bin
‘Abdullah
say:
حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، يَقُولُ مَرِضْتُ فَأَتَانِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَعُودُنِي هُوَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ مَعَهُ وَهُمَا مَاشِيَانِ وَقَدْ أُغْمِيَ عَلَىَّ فَتَوَضَّأَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَصَبَّ عَلَىَّ مِنْ وَضُوئِهِ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ أَصْنَعُ كَيْفَ أَقْضِي فِي مَالِي حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْمِيرَاثِ فِي آخِرِ النِّسَاءِ {وَإِنْ كَانَ رَجُلٌ يُورَثُ كَلاَلَةً} الآيَةَ وَ {يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلاَلَةِ} الآيَةَ .
“I fell sick and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) came to
visit
me, he and Abu Bakr with him, and they came walking. I had lost
consciousness, so the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) performed ablution and
poured some of the water of his ablution over me. I said: ‘O
Messenger
of Allah, what should I do? How should I decide about my
wealth?’
Until the Verse of inheritance was revealed at the end of
An-Nisa’:
“If the man or woman whose inheritance is in question
has left neither
ascendants or descendents.” [4:12] And: “They
ask you for a legal
verdict. Say: ‘Allah directs (thus) about those
who leave neither
descendants nor ascendants as heirs.’” [4:176]
“O Messenger of Allah,
will you stay in your house in Makkah?” He said: “Has ‘Aqeel
left us any houses?” 'Aqeel had inherited Abu Talib along with Talib. Neither Ja'far nor 'Ali inherited anything because they had been Muslims, and 'Aqeel and Talib had been disbelievers. So on account of that, Omar would say the believer does not inherit from the disbeliever. And Usamah said: the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said "The Muslim does not inherit from the disbeliever nor the disbeliever from the Muslim."
“Rabab bin Hudhaifah (bin Sa’eed) bin Sahm
married
Umm Wa’il bint Ma’mar Al-Jumahiyyah, and she bore him
three sons.
Their mother died and her sons inherited her houses and
the Wala’ of
her freed slaves. ‘Amr bin ‘As took them out to
Sham, and they died of
the plague of ‘Amwas. ‘Amr inherited from
them, and he was their
‘Asabah.* When ‘Amr came back, Banu Ma’mar
came to him and they
referred their dispute with him concerning the
Wala’ of their sister
to ‘Umar. ‘Umar said: ‘I will judge
between you according to what I
heard from the Messenger of Allah
(ﷺ). I heard him say: “What the
son or father acquires goes to
his. ‘Asabah, no matter who they are.’”
So he ruled in our
favour and wrote a document to that effect, in
which was the
testimony of ‘Abdur-Rahman bin ‘Awf, Zaid bin Thabit and
someone
else. Then when ‘Abdul-Malik bin Marwan was appointed caliph,
a
freed slave of hers (Umm Wa’il’s) died, leaving behind two
thousand
Dinar. I heard that that ruling had been changed, so they
referred the
dispute to Hisham bin Isma’il. We referred the matter
to ‘Abdul-Malik,
and brought him the document of ‘Umar. He said:
‘I thought that this
was a ruling concerning which there was no
doubt. I never thought that
the people of Al-Madinah would reach such
a state that they would
doubt this ruling. So he ruled in our favour,
and it remained like
that afterwards.”
It was
narrated from ‘Aishah that the freed slave of the Prophet
(ﷺ)
fell from a palm tree and died. He left behind wealth but he had
no
child or close relative. The Prophet (ﷺ) said:
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الأَصْبَهَانِيِّ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدِ بْنِ وَرْدَانَ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ مَوْلًى، لِلنَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَقَعَ مِنْ نَخْلَةٍ فَمَاتَ وَتَرَكَ مَالاً وَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ وَلَدًا وَلاَ حَمِيمًا فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم
" أَعْطُوا مِيرَاثَهُ رَجُلاً مِنْ أَهْلِ قَرْيَتِهِ " .
“My freed slave
died,
leaving behind a daughter. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) divided
his
wealth between myself and his daughter, giving me half and her
half.”
“A
woman inherits from the blood money and wealth of her husband, and he
inherits from her blood money and wealth, so long as one of them did
not kill the other. If one of them killed the other deliberately,
then
he or she inherits nothing from the blood money or wealth. If
one of
them killed the other by mistake, he or she inherits from the
other’s
wealth, but not from the blood money.”
It was
narrated from Abu Umamah bin Sahl bin Hunaif that a man shot
an arrow
at another man and killed him, and he had no heir except a
maternal
uncle. Abu ‘Ubaidah bin Jarrah wrote to ‘Umar about that, and
‘Umar wrote back to him saying that the Prophet (ﷺ) said:
It was
narrated from Miqdam Abu Karimah, a man from Sham who was one
of the
Companions of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), that the Messenger
of
Allah (ﷺ) said:
“Whoever leaves behind wealth, it is for his
heirs. Whoever leaves behind poor dependents and a debt, it is for us
to take care of – or he said: ‘It is for Allah and His Messenger
(to
take care of) – I am the heir of the one who has no heir, I
will pay
the blood money on his behalf and inherit from him. And the
maternal
uncle is the heir of the one who has no heir, he pays blood
money on
his behalf and inherits from him.”
“The Messenger of Allah
(ﷺ) ruled that the sons from the same mother inherit from one
another, but not sons from different mothers. A man inherits from his
full brother from the same father and mother, but not his brothers
from his father.”
“The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)
said: ‘Distribute wealth among those who are entitled to shares of
inheritance, according to the Book of Allah, then whatever is left
over goes to the nearest male relative.’”
حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَوْسَجَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ مَاتَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَلَمْ يَدَعْ لَهُ وَارِثًا إِلاَّ عَبْدًا هُوَ أَعْتَقَهُ فَدَفَعَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم مِيرَاثَهُ إِلَيْهِ .
“A man died at the time of the
Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and he left no heir except for a slave whom
he had set free. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) gave the legacy to
him.”
“A
woman may get three types of inheritance: From her freed slave
woman,
a foundling whom she raised, and her child concerning whom she
swore
in Li’an that he was legitimate.”
“Then the Verse of Li’an was
revealed, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: ‘Any woman who
attributed
her child to people to whom he does not belong, then she
has no
relation to (the religion of) Allah, and she will never enter
Paradise, and any man who rejects his child, while he recognizes him,
Allah will screen Himself from him on the Day of Resurrection and
disgrace him before the witnesses.’”
“Whoever
commits
adultery with a slave woman or a free woman, his child is
illegitimate, and he cannot inherit from him or be inherited from
(i.e., this child cannot inherit from him).”
“Every child
who
is attributed to his father after his father to whom he is
attributed
has died, and his heirs attributed him to him after he
died, he ruled
that* whoever was born to a slave woman whom he owned
at the time when
he had intercourse with her, he should be named
after the one to whom
he was attributed, but he has no share of any
inheritance that was
distributed previously. Whatever inheritance he
finds has not yet been
distributed, he will have a share of it. But
he cannot be named after
his father if the man whom he claimed as his
father did not
acknowledge him. If he as born to a slave woman whom
his father did
not own, or to a free woman with whom he committed
adultery, then he
cannot be named after him and he does not inherit
from him, even if
the one whom he claims as his father acknowledges
him. So he is an
illegitimate child who belongs to his mother’s
people, whoever they
are, whether she is a free woman or a slave.”
“Whatever division of inheritance was made during the
Ignorance period, stands according to the division of the Ignorance
period, and whatever division of inheritance was made during Islam,
it
stands according to the division of Islam.”
“I heard Tamim Ad-
Dari
say: ‘I said: O Messenger of Allah, what is the Sunnah concerning
a
man from among the People of the Book who becomes a Muslim at the
hands of another man?’ He said: ‘He is the closest of all people
to
him in life and in death.’”
“Allah has prepared (reward) for those who go out (to fight) in
His
cause: ‘And do not go out except (to fight) for Jihad in My cause,
out of faith in Me and belief in My Messengers, but he has a
guarantee
from Me that I will admit him to Paradise, or I will return
him to his
dwelling from which he set out, with the reward that he
attained, or
the spoils that he acquired.’ Then he said: ‘By the
One in Whose Hand
is my soul, were it not that it would be too
difficult for the
Muslims, I would never have stayed behind from any
expedition that
went out in the cause of Allah. But I could not find
the resources to
give them mounts and they could not find the
resources to follow me,
nor would they be pleased to stay behind if I
went. By the One in
Whose Hand is the soul of Muhammad, I wish I
could fight in the cause
of Allah and be killed, then fight and be
killed, then fight and be
killed.’”
“The one who fights in the cause of Allah has a guarantee from
Allah. Either He will raise him to His forgiveness and mercy, or He
will send him back with reward and spoils of war. The likeness of the
one who fights in the cause of Allah is that of one who fasts and
prays at night without ceasing, until he returns.”
“I heard the Messenger
of
Allah (ﷺ) say: ‘Whoever equips a warrior in the cause of Allah
until he is fully equipped, he will have a reward like his, until he
dies or returns.”
“The
best Dinar that a man can spend is a Dinar that he spends on his
family, a Dinar that he spends on a horse in the cause of Allah, and
a
Dinar that a man spends on his companions in the cause of Allah.”
It was
narrated from ‘Ali bin Abu Talib, Abu Darda’, Abu Hurairah, Abu
Umamah Al-Bahili, ‘Abdullah bin ‘Umar, ‘Abdullah bin ‘Amr,
Jabir bin
‘Abdullah and ‘Imran bin Husain, all of them narrating
that the
Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
“Whoever sends financial
support in the
cause of Allah and stays at home, for every Dirham he
will have (the
reward of) seven hundred Dirham. Whoever fights
himself in the cause
of Allah, and spends on that, for every Dirham
he will have (the
reward of) seven hundred thousand Dirham.” Then
he recited the Verse:
“Allah gives manifold increase to whom He
wills.”[2:261]
“Whoever
does
not fight, or equip a fighter, or stay behind to look after a
fighter’s family, Allah will strike him with a calamity before the
Day
of Resurrection.”
“When the Messenger of
Allah
(ﷺ) was returning from the campaign of Tabuk, and had drawn
close
to Al-Madinah, he said: ‘In Al-Madinah there are people who, as
you
traveled and crossed valleys, were with you.’ They said: ‘O
Messenger of Allah, even though they are in Al-Madinah?’ He said:
‘Even though they were in Al-Madinah. They were kept behind by
(legitimate) excuses.’”
“in
Al-Madinah there are men who, every time you crossed a valley or
travelled a road, they shared with you in the reward. They were kept
behind by (legitimate) excuses.”
حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، قَالَ خَطَبَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ حَدِيثًا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم لَمْ يَمْنَعْنِي أَنْ أُحَدِّثَكُمْ بِهِ إِلاَّ الضِّنُّ بِكُمْ وَبِصَحَابَتِكُمْ فَلْيَخْتَرْ مُخْتَارٌ لِنَفْسِهِ أَوْ لِيَدَعْ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَقُولُ
" مَنْ رَابَطَ لَيْلَةً فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ سُبْحَانَهُ كَانَتْ كَأَلْفِ لَيْلَةٍ صِيَامِهَا وَقِيَامِهَا " .
“Uthman bin ‘Affan
addressed the people and said: ‘O people! I heard a Hadith from the
Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and nothing kept me from narrating it to you
except for the fact that I did not want to lose you and your
companionship. So it is up to you. I heard the Messenger of Allah
(ﷺ) saying: “Whoever spends a night guarding the frontier in the
cause of Allah, it will be like a thousand nights spent in fasting
and
prayer.”
“Whoever dies being prepared in the cause of Allah, will be
given
continuously the reward for the good deeds that he used to do,
and he
will be rewarded with provision, and he will be kept safe from
Fattan,* and Allah will raise him on the Day of Resurrection free of
fright.”
“The Messenger of Allah
(ﷺ)
said: ‘For guarding the frontier for a day in the cause of
Allah,
defending the Muslims, seeking reward, apart from in the month
of
Ramadan, there is a reward granted greater than worshipping for a
hundred years, fasting and praying. Guarding the frontier for a day
in
the cause of Allah, defending the Muslims, seeking reward, in the
month of Ramadan, is better before Allah and brings a greater reward”
– I think he said – “than worshipping for a thousand years,
fasting
and praying. If Allah returns him to his family safe and
sound, no bad
deed will be recorded for him for a thousand years, but
his good deeds
will be recorded, and the reward for guarding the
frontier will come
to him until the Day of Resurrection.”
I heard
Anas
bin Malik saying: I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say:
“Standing
guard one night in the cause of Allah is better than a man
fasting
and praying, among his family, for a thousand years. The year
is
three hundred and sixty days and a day is like a thousand years.”
“He was the
best of
people, the most generous of people, the most courageous of
people.
The people of Al-Madinah became alarmed one night, and he was
the
first of them to investigate the noise and din. He was riding a
horse
belonging to Abu Talhah, bareback, with no saddle. His sword was
hanging from his neck and he was saying: ‘O people, do not be
afraid,’
sending them back to their houses. Then he said of the
horse, ‘We
found it like a sea,’ or, ‘It is a sea.’”*
“The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) slept near me one day,
then he woke up smiling. I said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, what has
made
you smile?’ He said: ‘People of my nation who were shown to
me (in my
dream) riding across this sea like kings on thrones.’ I
said:
‘Supplicate to Allah to make me one of them.’” So he
prayed for her.
Then he slept again, and did likewise, and she said
the same as she
said before, and he replied in the same manner. She
said: “Pray to
Allah to make me one of them,” and he said: “You
will be one of the
first ones.” He said: “Then she went out with
her husband, ‘Ubadah bin
Samit, as a fighter, the first time that
the Muslims crossed the sea
with Mu’awiyah bin Abu Sufyan. On their
way back, after they had
finished fighting, they stopped in Sham. An
animal was brought near
for her to ride it, but it threw her off, and
she died.”
“A
military expedition by sea is like ten expeditions by land.
The one
who suffers from seasickness is like one who gets drenched in
his own
blood in the cause of Allah.”
I heard Abu Umamah saying:
I
heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: “The martyr at sea is like
two martyrs on land, and the one who suffers seasickness is like one
who gets drenched in his own blood on land. The time spent between
one
wave and the next is like a lifetime spent in obedience to Allah.
Allah has appointed the Angel of Death to seize souls, except for the
martyr at sea, for Allah Himself seizes their souls. He forgives the
martyrs on land for all sins except debt, but (He forgives) the
martyr
at sea all his sins and his debt.”
“Even if there was only one day left of this world, Allah would
make it last until a man from my household took possession of (the
mountain of) Dailam and Constantinople.”
“The horizons will be opened to you, and you will conquer a city
called Qazvin. Whoever is stationed there for forty days or forty
nights, will have pillars of gold in Paradise, with green chrysolite
and topped by a dome of rubies. It will have seventy thousand doors,
at each door will be a wife from among the wide-eyed houris.’”
“I came
to
the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, I
want to go for Jihad with you, seeking thereby the Face of Allah and
the Hereafter.’ He said: ‘Woe to you! Is your mother still
alive?’ I
said: ‘Yes.’ He said: ‘Go back and honor her.’
Then I approached him
from the other side and said: ‘O Messenger of
Allah, I want to go for
Jihad with you, seeking thereby the Face of
Allah and the Hereafter.’
He said: ‘Woe to you! Is your mother
still alive?’ I said: ‘Yes.’ He
said: ‘Go back and honour
her.’ Then I approached him from in front
and said: ‘O Messenger
of Allah, I want to go for Jihad with you,
seeking thereby the Face
of Allah and the Hereafter.’ He said: ‘Woe to
you! Is your mother
still alive?’ I said: ‘Yes.’ He said: ‘Go back and
serve her,
for there is Paradise.’”
Another chain reports a similar hadith.
Ibn Majah said: This is Jahimah bin 'Abbas bin Mirdas As-Sulaimi who criticized the Prophet ﷺ the Day of Hunain.
“A man came to the
Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, I have
come
seeking to go out in Jihad with you, seeking thereby the Face of
Allah
and the Hereafter. I have come even though my parents are
weeping.’ He
said: ‘Go back to them and make them smile as you
have made them
weep.’”
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ شَقِيقٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، قَالَ سُئِلَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُقَاتِلُ شَجَاعَةً وَيُقَاتِلُ حَمِيَّةً وَيُقَاتِلُ رِيَاءً فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم
" مَنْ قَاتَلَ لِتَكُونَ كَلِمَةُ اللَّهِ هِيَ الْعُلْيَا فَهُوَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ " .
“The Prophet (ﷺ) was asked
about a
man who fights to prove his courage, or out of pride and
honour for
his close relatives, or to show off. The Messenger of Allah
(ﷺ)
said: ‘Whoever fights so that the Word of Allah may be supreme
is
the one who (is fighting) in the cause of Allah.’”
It was
narrated that Abu ‘Uqbah, who was the freed slave of some
Persian
people, said:
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عُقْبَةَ، - وَكَانَ مَوْلًى لأَهْلِ فَارِسَ - قَالَ شَهِدْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ فَضَرَبْتُ رَجُلاً مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَقُلْتُ خُذْهَا مِنِّي وَأَنَا الْغُلاَمُ الْفَارِسِيُّ . فَبَلَغَتِ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ
" أَلاَ قُلْتَ خُذْهَا مِنِّي وَأَنَا الْغُلاَمُ الأَنْصَارِيُّ " .
“I was present with the Prophet (ﷺ) on the Day
of
Uhud. I struck a man from among the idolaters and said: ‘Take that!
And I am a Persian slave!’ News of that reached the Prophet (ﷺ)
and
he said: ‘Why did you not say: “Take that! And I am an Ansari
slave!?”
“I heard the Prophet (ﷺ) say: ‘There
is no
band of warriors that fights in the cause of Allah and acquires
war
spoils, but they have been given two thirds of their reward, but
if
they do not get any spoils of war, then they will have their
reward in
full (in the Hereafter).’”
“There is goodness in the forelocks of horses” – or he said:
“There is goodness tied in the forelocks of horses.” Suhail (one
of
the narrators) said: “I am not certain of” – “until the
Day of
Resurrection. And horses are of three types: those that bring
reward
to a man, those that are a means of protection for a man, and
those
that are a burden (of sin) for a man. As for those that bring
reward,
a man keeps them in the cause of Allah and keeps them
constantly ready
(for Jihad), so they do not take any fodder into
their stomachs but a
reward will be written for him, and if he puts
them out to pasture,
they do not eat anything but reward will be
written for him. If he
gives them to drink from a flowing river, for
every drop that enters
their stomachs there will be reward,”
(continuing) until he mentioned
reward in conjunction with their
urine and droppings, and even when
they run here and there by
themselves, for each step they take a
reward will be written for him
– ‘As for those that are a means of
protection, a man keeps them
because they are a source of dignity and
adornment, but he does not
forget the rights of their backs and
stomachs (i.e., their right not
to be overworked and their right to be
fed) whether at times of their
difficulty or ease. As for those that
bring a burden (of sin), the
one who keeps them for purposes of
wrongdoing or for pomp and show
before people, is the one for whom
they bring a burden of sin.”
“The best of horses are those that are deep black,
with a
blaze on the forehead, white marks on the legs and white nose
and
upper lip, and with no whiteness on the right foreleg. If not
deep-black, then reddish-brown, with these markings.”
“I heard the Messenger of
Allah
(ﷺ) say: ‘Whoever ties a horse in the cause of Allah, then
feeds
it with his own hand, he will have one merit for every grain.’”
“I was present in a war, and
‘Abdullah bin Rawahah said:
O soul of mine! I see that you do
Not want to go to Paradise.
I swear by Allah that you surely
Will enter it, willingly or
Unwillingly.’”
“I came to the Prophet
(ﷺ) and said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, which Jihad is best?’ He
said:
‘(That of a man) whose blood is shed and his horse is
wounded.’”
“There is no one who is wounded in the cause of Allah – and
Allah
knows best of who is wounded in His cause – but he will come on
the
Day of Resurrection with his wounds looking as they did on the day
he
was wounded; their color will be the color of blood but their smell
will be the fragrance of musk.”
“I heard ‘Abdullah bin Abu Awfa say:
‘The
Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) supplicated to Allah against the
Confederates (Al-Ahzab) and said: ‘O Allah, Who has sent down the
Book
and is Swift in bringing to account, destroy the Confederates. O
Allah, destroy them and shake them.’”
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ، عَنْ هِلاَلِ بْنِ أَبِي زَيْنَبَ، عَنْ شَهْرِ بْنِ حَوْشَبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ذُكِرَ الشُّهَدَاءُ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ
" لاَ تَجِفُّ الأَرْضُ مِنْ دَمِ الشَّهِيدِ حَتَّى تَبْتَدِرَهُ زَوْجَتَاهُ كَأَنَّهُمَا ظِئْرَانِ أَضَلَّتَا فَصِيلَيْهِمَا فِي بَرَاحٍ مِنَ الأَرْضِ وَفِي يَدِ كُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا حُلَّةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا وَمَا فِيهَا " .
“Mention of the martyrs was made
in the
presence of the Prophet (ﷺ) and he said: ‘The earth does not
dry
of the blood of the martyr until his two wives rush to him like
two
wet nurses who lost their young ones in a stretch of barren land,
and
in the hand of each one of them will be a Hullah* that is better
than
this world and everything in it.’”
“The martyr has six things (in store) with Allah: He
is
forgiven from the first drop of his blood that is shed; he is shown
his place in Paradise; he is spared the torment of the grave; he is
kept safe from the Great Fright; he is adorned with a garment of
faith; he is married to (wives) from among the wide-eyed houris; and
he is permitted to intercede for seventy of his relatives.”
“When ‘Abdullah bin ‘Amr
bin Haram was killed, on the Day of Uhud, the Messenger of Allah
(ﷺ)
said: ‘O Jabir, shall I not tell you what Allah said to your
father?’
I said: ‘Yes.’ He said: ‘Allah does not speak to
anyone except from
behind a screen, but He spoke to your father face
to face and said: “O
My slave, ask Me and I shall give you.” He
said: “O my Lord, bring me
back to life so that I may be killed for
Your sake a second time.” He
said: “I have already decreed that
they will not return (to the world
after death).” He said: “O
Lord, convey (the good news about my state)
to those whom I have left
behind.” So Allah revealed this Verse:
‘Think not of those as
dead who are killed in the way of
Allah.’”[3:169]
“Think not of
those
as dead who are killed in the way of Allah. Nay, they are alive,
with
their Lord, and they have provision,”[3:169] that he said: “We
asked about that, and (the Prophet (ﷺ)) said: ‘Their souls are
like
green birds that fly wherever they wish in Paradise, then they
come
back to lamps suspended from the Throne. While they were like
that,
your Lord looked at them and said, “Ask me for whatever you
want.”
They said: “O Lord, what should we ask You for when we can
fly
wherever we wish in Paradise?” When they saw that they would
not be
left alone until they had asked for something, they said: “We
ask You
to return our souls to our bodies in the world so that we may
fight
for Your sake (again).” When He saw that they would not ask
for
anything but that, they were left alone.’”
It was
narrated from ‘Abdullah bin ‘Abdullah bin Jabir bin ‘Atik, from
his father, that his grandfather fell sick and the Prophet (ﷺ) came
to visit him. One of his family members said:
“We hoped that when
he died it would be as a martyr in the cause of Allah.” The
Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “In that case the martyrs of my
nation would be few. Being killed in the cause of Allah is martyrdom;
dying of the plague is martyrdom; when a pregnant woman dies in
childbirth that is martyrdom; and dying of drowning, or burning, or
of pleurisy, is martyrdom.”
“What do
you say among yourselves about the martyr?” They said: “The one
who is killed in the cause of Allah.” He said: “In that case the
martyrs among my nation would be few. Whoever is killed in the cause
of Allah is a martyr; whoever dies in the cause of Allah is a martyr;
whoever dies of a stomach disease is a martyr; and whoever dies of
the plague is a martyr.”
Another chain narrates with the addition of "and the drowned is a martyr."
“We entered upon Abu Umamah and he saw some silver
ornaments on our swords. He got angry and said: ‘People conquered
lands and their swords were not adorned with gold and silver, but
with lead and iron and ‘Alabi.’”
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ، أَنْبَأَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، قَالَ كَانَ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ إِذَا غَزَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم حَمَلَ مَعَهُ رُمْحًا فَإِذَا رَجَعَ طَرَحَ رُمْحَهُ حَتَّى يُحْمَلَ لَهُ . فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ لأَذْكُرَنَّ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم . فَقَالَ
" لاَ تَفْعَلْ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ فَعَلْتَ لَمْ تُرْفَعْ ضَالَّةٌ " .
“When Mughirah bin
Shu’bah
fought alongside the Prophet (ﷺ) he would carry a spear, and
when
he would come back he would throw his spear down so that someone
would pick it up and give it back to him.” ‘Ali said to him: “I
will
tell the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) about that.” He (the Prophet
(ﷺ))
said: “Do not do that, for it you do that it will not be
picked up as
a lost item to be returned.”
“The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had an
Arabian bow in his hand, and he saw a man who had a Persian bow in
his
hand. He said: ‘What is this? Throw it away. You should use
this and
others like it, and Qana* spears. Perhaps Allah will support
His
religion thereby and enable you to conquer lands.’”
“Allah will admit three people to Paradise by virtue of
one
arrow: The one who makes it, seeking reward by making it well; the
one who shoots it; and the one who hands it to him.” And the
Messenger
of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Shoot and ride, and if you shoot
that is dearer
to me than if you ride. All things that a Muslim man
does for
entertainment are in vain except for shooting arrows,
training his
horse and playing with his wife, for these are things
that bring
reward.”
“I heard the Messenger of
Allah (ﷺ) say: ‘Whoever shoots an arrow at the enemy and his
arrow
reaches the enemy, whether it hits him or not, that is
equivalent to
him freeing a slave.’”
“I heard the
Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) reciting on the pulpit: ‘And make ready
against them all you can of power.’[8:60] (And saying that) three
times – ‘Power means shooting.”
“I came to Al-Madinah
and saw
the Prophet (ﷺ) standing on the pulpit, and Bilal standing
in front
of him, with his sword by his side, and (I saw) a black flag.
I said:
‘Who is this?’ He said: ‘This is ‘Amr bin ‘As, who has just
come back from a campaign.’”
It was
narrated from ‘Umar that he used to forbid silk and brocade
except
that which was like that, then he gestured with his finger,
then his
second finger, then his third, then his fourth,* and said:
“I saw a man asking my
father
about a man who goes out to fight and buys and sells and trades
during his campaign. My father said to him: ‘We were with the
Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) in Tabuk, and we bought and sold, and he saw
us and did not forbid us (to do that).’”
“For me to hive a good send-off to
a
warrior who is going to fight in the cause of Allah, and to guard
his
goods when he goes out in the morning or evening, is dearer to me
than this world and everything in it.”
“When the Messenger of Allah
(ﷺ)
would dispatch troops, he would say to the leader: ‘I commend to
Allah’s keeping your religious commitment, your dignity and the end
of
your deeds.’”
“O Aktham! Fight alongside
people other than your own, it will improve your attitude and make
you
generous to your companions. O Aktham, the best number of
companions
is four, the best number of troops on an expedition is
four hundred,
the best number of an army is four thousand, and twelve
thousand will
never be overpowered because of their small number.”
“We were talking about
how,
on the Day of Badr, the Companions of the Messenger of Allah
(ﷺ)
numbered three hundred ten and something, the same number as the
Companions of (Talut) who crossed the river with him, and no one
crossed the river with him but a believer.”
“I heard Abul-Ward, the
Companion of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), say: ‘Beware of the
troop
which, when it meets (the enemy) it flees, and when it takes
spoils of
war, it steals from it.’”
“I asked
the
Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) about the food of the Christians and he
said: ‘Do not have any doubt about food, (thereby) following the
way
of the Christians in that.’”
“I came to the
Messenger of
Allah (ﷺ) and asked him: ‘O Messenger of Allah! Can
we cook in the
vessels of the idolaters?’ He said: ‘Do not cook
in them.’ I said:
‘What if we need them and cannot find anything
else?’ He said: ‘Wash
them well, then cook and eat.’”
“I heard Abu Dharr
swearing
that these verses were revealed concerning those six people
on the
Day of Badr: ‘These two opponents (believers and disbelievers)
dispute with each other about their Lord.”[22:19] to the words
“Verily, Allah does what he wills.’[22:14] (that is) Hamzah bin
‘Abdul-Muttalib, ‘Ali bin Abi Talib, ‘Ubaidah bin Al-Harith,
‘Utbah
bin Rabi’ah, Shaibah bin Rabi’ah and Al-Walid bin
‘Utbah. They argued
with one another on the Day of Badr.”
It was
narrated from Abu Muhammad, the freed slave of Abu Qatadah
(from Abu
Qatadah) that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) awarded him the
spoils of
a man whom he killed on the Day of Hunain.
“Sa’b bin Jaththamah said: ‘The
Prophet (ﷺ) was asked about the polytheists who are attacked at
night, and their women and children are killed.’ He said: ‘They
are
from among them.’”
“We
attacked Hawazin, with Abu Bakr, during the time of the
Prophet
(ﷺ), and we arrived at an oasis belonging to Bani Fazarah
during
the last part of the night. We attacked at dawn, raiding the
people
of the oasis, and killed them, nine or seven households.”
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْمُرَقَّعِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ صَيْفِيٍّ، عَنْ حَنْظَلَةَ الْكَاتِبِ، قَالَ غَزَوْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَمَرَرْنَا عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ مَقْتُولَةٍ قَدِ اجْتَمَعَ عَلَيْهَا النَّاسُ فَأَفْرَجُوا لَهُ فَقَالَ (مَا كَانَتْ هَذِهِ تُقَاتِلُ فِيمَنْ يُقَاتِلُ) . ثُمَّ قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ (انْطَلِقْ إِلَى خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ فَقُلْ لَهُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَأْمُرُكَ يَقُولُ لاَ تَقْتُلَنَّ ذُرِّيَّةً وَلاَ عَسِيفًا).
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْمُرَقَّعِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، رَبَاحِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَحْوَهُ. قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ يُخْطِئُ الثَّوْرِيُّ فِيهِ.
“We went out to fight
alongside the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and we passed by a slain
woman
whom the people had gathered around. They parted (to let the
Prophet
(ﷺ) through) and he said: ‘This (woman) was not one of
those who
were fighting.’ Then he said to a man: ‘Go to Khalid
bin Walid and
tell him that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) commands
you: “Do not kill
any children or women, or any (farm) laborer.’”
Another chain reports a similar hadith.
It was
narrated from Ibn ‘Umar that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)
burned
the palm trees of Banu Nadir, and cut down Buwairah (the name
of
their garden). Then Allah revealed the words:
“We
attacked, Hawazin at the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) with
Aby Bakr. He awarded me a slave girl from Banu Fazarah, among the
most
beautiful of the Arabs, who was wearing an animal skin of hers.
I did
not divest her of her clothing until I reached Al-Madinah. Then
the
Prophet (ﷺ) met me in the marketplace, and said: ‘By Alla,
give her
to me.’ So I gave her to him, and he sent her as a ransom
for some of
the Muslim prisoners who were in Makkah.”
It was
narrated that Ibn ‘Umar said that a horse of his went out and the
enemy captured it. Then the Muslims defeated them and it was returned
to him. (That was) during the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ).
He said:
حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ ذَهَبَتْ فَرَسٌ لَهُ فَأَخَذَهَا الْعَدُوُّ فَظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ فِي زَمَنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم . قَالَ وَأَبَقَ عَبْدٌ لَهُ فَلَحِقَ بِالرُّومِ فَظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فَرَدَّهُ عَلَيْهِ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم .
“And a slave of his absconded and joined up with the Romans, then the Muslims defeated them, and Khalid bin Walid returned him to me, after the death of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ).”
“A man from (the
tribe of) Ashja’ died in Khaibar, and the Prophet (ﷺ) said:
‘Offer the funeral prayer for your companion.’ The people found
that strange.* When he saw that, he said: ‘Your companion stole
from the spoils of war (when fighting) in the cause of Allah.’”
حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، قَالَ كَانَ عَلَى ثَقَلِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم رَجُلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ كِرْكِرَةُ . فَمَاتَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم
" هُوَ فِي النَّارِ " . فَذَهَبُوا يَنْظُرُونَ فَوَجَدُوا عَلَيْهِ كِسَاءً أَوْ عَبَاءَةً قَدْ غَلَّهَا .
“There was a man called
Kirkah in charge of the goods of the Prophet (ﷺ), who died. The
Prophet (ﷺ) said: ‘He is in Hell.’ They went and looked, and
found
him wearing a garment or a cloak that he had stolen from the
spoils of
war.”
“The Messenger of Allah
(ﷺ) led us in prayer on the Day of Hunain, beside a camel that was
part of the spoils of war. Then he took something from the camel, and
extracted from it a hair, which he placed between two of his fingers.
Then he said: ‘O people, this is part of your spoils of war. Hand
over
a needle and thread and anything greater than that or less than
that.
For stealing from the spoils of war will be a source of shame
for
those who do it, and ignominy and Fire, on the Day of
Resurrection.’”
It was
narrated from ‘Ubadah bin Samit that the Prophet (ﷺ) awarded
one
quarter of the spoils to those who attacked the enemy at the
beginning and one third to those who attacked at the end.
‘Amr
bin Shu’aib narrated from his father that his grandfather said:
حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ، أَنْبَأَنَا رَجَاءُ بْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، قَالَ لاَ نَفَلَ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَرُدُّ الْمُسْلِمُونَ قَوِيُّهُمْ عَلَى ضَعِيفِهِمْ .
قَالَ رَجَاءٌ فَسَمِعْتُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ مُوسَى، يَقُولُ لَهُ حَدَّثَنِي مَكْحُولٌ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَفَّلَ فِي الْبَدْأَةِ الرُّبُعَ وَحِينَ قَفَلَ الثُّلُثَ . فَقَالَ عَمْرٌو أُحَدِّثُكَ عَنْ أَبِي عَنْ جَدِّي وَتُحَدِّثُنِي عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ
“There is no awarding of the spoils after the Messenger of Allah
(ﷺ), rather whatever the army acquires (of spoils of war) will be
distributed among strong and weak alike.”
حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَسْهَمَ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ لِلْفَارِسِ ثَلاَثَةَ أَسْهُمٍ لِلْفَرَسِ سَهْمَانِ وَلِلرَّجُلِ سَهْمٌ .
It was
narrated from Ibn ‘Umar that the Prophet (ﷺ) distributed the
war
spoils on the Day of Khaibar, giving three shares to the horseman,
two shares for the horse, and one share for the man.
“I fought alongside my master on the Day of
Khaibar,
and I was a slave. I was not given anything from the spoils
of war but
I was given from the least of the utensils (goods) a
sword, which I
dragged when I put it around my waist.”
“I fought
alongside the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) in seven campaigns, looking
after their goods, making food for them, tending the wounded and
looking after the sick.”
“The Messenger of Allah
(ﷺ) sent us in a military detachment and said: ‘Go in the Name of
Allah, and in the cause of Allah. Fight those who disbelieve in
Allah.
Do not mutilate, do not be treacherous, do not steal from the
spoils
of war, and do not kill children.’”
“Whenever he
appointed a man to lead a military detachment, the Messenger of Allah
(ﷺ) would advise him especially to fear Allah and treat the Muslims
with him well. He (ﷺ) said: ‘Fight in the Name of Allah and in
the
cause of Allah. Fight those how disbelieve in Allah. Fight but do
not
be treacherous, do not steal from the spoils of war, do not
mutilate
and do not kill children. When you meet your enemy from
among the
polytheists, call them to one of three things. Whichever of
them they
respond to, accept it from them and refrain from fighting
them. Invite
them to accept Islam, and if they respond then accept it
from them and
refrain from fighting them. Then invite them to leave
their land and
move to the land of the polytheists. Tell them that if
they do that,
then they will have the same rights and duties as the
polytheists. If
they refuse, then tell them that they will be like
the Muslim Bedouins
(who live in the desert), subject to the same
rulings of Allah as the
believers. But they will have no share of
Fay’* or war spoils, unless
they fight alongside the Muslims. If
they refuse to enter Islam, then
ask them to pay the Poll-tax. If
they do that, then accept it from
them and refrain from fighting
them. But if they refuse, then seek the
help of Allah against them
and fight them. If you lay siege to them
and they want you to give
them the protection of Allah and your
Prophet, do not give them the
protection of Allah and your Prophet,
rather give them your
protection and the protection of your father and
your Companions, for
if you violate your protection and the protection
of your fathers,
that is easier than violating the protection of Allah
and the
protection of His Messenger. If you lay siege to them and they
want
you to let them come out with a promise of the judgement of Allah
and
His Messenger (ﷺ), do not offer them a promise of the judgement
of
Allah and His Messenger (ﷺ), rather offer them your judgement,
because you do not know if you will actually pass (the same as)
Allah’s judgement regarding them or not.’”
Another chain reports a similar hadith.
“Even if the one appointed over you is a mutilated
Ethiopian
slave whose nose and ears have been cut off, listen to him
and obey,
so long as he leads you according to the Book of Allah.”
It was
narrated from Abu Dharr that he reached Rabadhah when the
Iqamah for
the prayer had already been given, and there was a slave
leading them
in prayer. It was said:
“This is Abu Dharr,” so he (the
slave)
started to move back. But Abu Dharr said: “My close friend
(i.e.,
the Prophet (ﷺ)) told me to listen and obey, even if (the
leader
was) an Ethiopian slave with amputated limbs.”
It was
narrated from Abu Sa’eed Al-Khudri that the Messenger of Allah
(ﷺ) sent ‘Alqamah bin Mujazziz at the head of a detachment, and I
was among them. When he reached the battle site, or when he was
partway there, a group of the army asked permission to take a
different route, and he gave them permission, and appointed ‘Abdullah
bin Hudhafah bin Qais As-Sahmi as their leader, and I was one of
those
who fought alongside with him. When we were partway there, the
people
lit a fire to warm themselves and cook some food. ‘Abdullah,
who was a
man who liked to joke, said:
“Do I not have the right
that you should
listen to me and obey?” They said: “Yes.” He
said: “And if I command
you to do something, will you not do it?”
They said: “Of course.” He
said: “Then I command you to jump
into this fire.” Some people got up
and got ready to jump, and when
he saw that they were about to jump,
he said: “Restrain yourselves,
for I was joking with you.” When we
came to Al-Madinah, they
mentioned that to the Prophet (ﷺ), and the
Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)
said: “Whoever among you commands you to do
something that involves
disobedience to Allah, do not obey him.”
“The Muslim is obliged to obey (the ruler) whether he likes it
or
not, unless he is commanded to commit an act of disobedience. If he
is commanded to commit a sin then he should neither listen nor obey.”
“Among those in charge of you, after I am gone, will be men who
extinguish the Sunnah and follow innovation. They will delay the
prayer from its proper time.” I said: “O Messenger of Allah, if I
live
to see them, what should I do?” He said: “You ask me, O Ibn
‘Abd, what
you should do? There is no obedience to one who disobeys
Allah.”
“We gave our pledge to
the
Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), pledging to listen and obey in times of
hardship and times of ease, willingly or reluctantly, and when others
are shown preference over us, and that we would not dispute the order
of those in charge, that we would speak the truth wherever we are,
and
that we would not fear the blame of anyone when acting or
speaking for
the sake of Allah.”
“We were with the Prophet (ﷺ) –
seven or eight or nine of us – and he said: ‘Will you not give
pledge
to the Messenger of Allah?’ So we stretched forth our hands
and
someone said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, we have already given you
our
pledge. On what basis shall we give this pledge?’ He said: ‘(On
the
basis that) you will worship Allah and not associate anything
with
Him, you will establish the five daily prayers, you will listen
and
obey’ – then he spoke some words under his breath – ‘and
you will not
ask the people for anything.’ He said: ‘I saw some
of that group. If
he dropped his whip he would not ask anyone to pick
it up for him.’”
It was
narrated that ‘Attab, the freed slave of Hurmuz, said:
حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَتَّابٍ، - مَوْلَى هُرْمُزَ - قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، يَقُولُ بَايَعْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَلَى السَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ فَقَالَ
" فِيمَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ " .
“I
heard
Anas bin Malik say: ‘We gave our pledge to the Messenger of
Allah
(ﷺ) on the basis that we would listen and obey. He (ﷺ) said:
“As
much as you can.”
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رُمْحٍ، أَنْبَأَنَا اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، قَالَ جَاءَ عَبْدٌ فَبَايَعَ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَلَى الْهِجْرَةِ وَلَمْ يَشْعُرِ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنَّهُ عَبْدٌ فَجَاءَ سَيِّدُهُ يُرِيدُهُ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم
" بِعْنِيهِ " . فَاشْتَرَاهُ بِعَبْدَيْنِ أَسْوَدَيْنِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يُبَايِعْ أَحَدًا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَسْأَلَهُ أَعَبْدٌ هُوَ
“A slave came and gave his pledge to
the
Prophet (ﷺ), pledging to emigrate, and the Prophet (ﷺ) did not
realize that he was a slave. Then his master came looking for him,
and
the Prophet (ﷺ) said: ‘Sell him to me,’ and he brought him
in
exchange for two black slaves. Then after that he did not accept
the
pledge from anyone until he had asked whether he was a slave.”
“There are three to whom Allah will not speak on the Day of
Resurrection, not will He look at them nor purify them, and theirs
will be a painful torment: A man who has surplus water in the desert
and withholds it from a wayfarer; a man who sells a man his product
after ‘Asr, swearing by Allah that he bought it for such and such a
price, and the other believes him, but that is not the case; and a
man
who gives his pledge to a ruler, only doing to for the purpose of
worldly gain, and if he is given something he fulfills it, but if he
is not given anything he does not fulfill it.”
“The affairs of the Children of Israel were administered by
their
Prophets. Every time a Prophet left, he was followed by another,
but
there will be no Prophet among you after I am gone.” They said:
“What will happen, O Messenger of Allah?” He said: “There will
be
caliphs and there will be many of them.” They said: “What
should we
do?” He said: “Fulfill your pledge to the first one,
then the one who
comes after him, and do the duties required of you,
for Allah will
question them about the duties upon them.”